The Basque refugee children of the Spanish Civil War in the UK: memory and memorialisation

A vast body of knowledge has been produced in the field of war remembrance, particularly concerning the Spanish Civil War. However, the representation and interpretation of that conflictual past have been increasingly contested within the wider context of ‘recuperation of historical memory’ which is taking place both in Spain and elsewhere. An academic gap has been identified with regard to the part played by the Basque Children (Niños Vascos) who were evacuated to the UK in 1937 as a result of the war. This thesis investigates the impact that forced migration has had on these children’s identity construction, particularly those who settled permanently in the host country.The thesis is a comparative examination of the process of memory construction and memorialisation, across transnational spaces and time. It analyses the nature and development of commemorative practices both in the UK and in the Basque Country, addressing some of the most fundamental issues related to agency and categorisations. My analysis of the social actors goes beyond Jelin’s ‘memory entrepreneurs’ to include those memory profiteers who benefit from a return to the past in order to fulfil their own personal agendas. I introduce the new term ‘conmemoraccionistas’ to refer to them.The central question dealt with here is how identities are constructed and reconstructed in the social and political arenas in which remembrance takes place. By using ethnography and a multimodal approach, this study provides an in-depth analysis of the discourses of the main agents engaged in memory production, and their agendas. It also identifies reasons for disengagement. Finally, it examines the interrelated narratives of those social actors and how they build on interaction with each other in a complex and continually changing social reality, where I argue, identities can no longer be approached from an essentialist polarising and dichotomising perspective. On the contrary, new approaches are needed which see identitarian development as a dynamic and accumulative process in which different actors have an input and identities are displayed according to particular contexts, settings, and audiences

The tales of the grimm brothers in colombia: introduction, dissemination, and reception

The Grimms\u27 Kinder- und Hausmärchen or Children\u27s and Household Tales are probably the best-known written collection of folk tales worldwide. The reception of the stories, however, varies greatly both at an individual and at a collective level. Several studies have examined the reception of the tales in Europe, Asia, and North America, but so far no broad-based study exists for Latin America. This dissertation fills this gap by examining the introduction, propagation, translations, and reception of the Grimm tales in Colombia

Crisis for Whom?

Children feature centrally in the ubiquitous narratives of ‘migration crises’. They are often depicted as essentially vulnerable and in need of special protections, or suspiciously adult-like and a threat to national borders. At the same time, many voices, experiences, and stories are rarely heard, especially about children on the move within the global South. This bilingual book, written in English and Spanish, challenges simplistic narratives to enrich perspectives and understanding. Drawing on collaborations between young (im)migrants, researchers, artists and activists, this collection asks new questions about how crises are produced, mobility is controlled, and childhood is conceptualised. Answers to these questions have profound implications for resources, infrastructures, and relationships of care. Authors offer insights from diverse global contexts, painting a rich and insightful tapestry about childhood (im)mobility. They stress that children are more than recipients of care and that the crises they face are multiple and stratifying, with long historical roots. Readers are invited to understand migration as an act of concern and love, and to attend to how the solidarities between citizens and ‘others’, adults and children, and between children, are understood and forged.La niñez ocupa un lugar central en las narrativas omnipresentes de las ""crisis migratorias"". A menudo ésta es representada como esencialmente vulnerable y necesitada de protección especial, como sospechosamente parecida a los adultos, o como una amenaza para las fronteras nacionales. Al mismo tiempo, existen muchas voces, experiencias e historias que rara vez son escuchadas, especialmente aquellas que hablan sobre las infancias en movimiento dentro del Sur global. 'Este libro bilingüe, escrito en inglés y español, desafía las narrativas simplistas para enriquecer nuestra perspectivas y comprensión. Basada en colaboraciones entre jóvenes (in)migrantes, investigadores, artistas y activistas, esta colección plantea nuevas preguntas sobre cómo se producen las crisis, cómo se controla la movilidad y cómo se conceptualiza a la infancia y la niñez. Las respuestas a estas preguntas tienen profundas implicaciones para la distribución de recursos, la infraestructura y las prácticas de cuidado. Las y los autores ofrecen perspectivas que surgen de diversos contextos globales, construyendo un rico y detallado tapiz sobre la (in)movilidad infantil. Destacan que niñas y niños son mucho más que simples receptores de cuidados y que las crisis que enfrentan son múltiples y estratificadas, con profundas raíces históricas. Se invita a las/os lectoras/es a entender la migración como un acto de concientización y amor, y a poner atención en cómo se entienden y forjan las solidaridades entre ciudadanos y aquellos que son percibidos como “otros”; entre adultos y niñas/os, y entre las/os niñas/os mismas/os

Crisis for whom? Critical global perspectives on childhood, care, and migration.

Children feature centrally in the ubiquitous narratives of ‘migration crises’. They are often depicted as essentially vulnerable and in need of special protections, or suspiciously adult-like and a threat to national borders. At the same time, many voices, experiences, and stories are rarely heard, especially about children on the move within the global South. This bilingual book, written in English and Spanish, challenges simplistic narratives to enrich perspectives and understanding. Drawing on collaborations between young (im)migrants, researchers, artists and activists, this collection asks new questions about how crises are produced, mobility is controlled, and childhood is conceptualised. Answers to these questions have profound implications for resources, infrastructures, and relationships of care. Authors offer insights from diverse global contexts, painting a rich and insightful tapestry about childhood (im)mobility. They stress that children are more than recipients of care and that the crises they face are multiple and stratifying, with long historical roots. Readers are invited to understand migration as an act of concern and love, and to attend to how the solidarities between citizens and ‘others’, adults and children, and between children, are understood and forged

“Yo Soy Su Mama”: Latinx Mothers Raising Emergent Bilinguals Labeled as Dis/abled

Parental involvement in the United States has been identified in both academic and mainstream literature as a defining marker in academic achievement. Yet most of the literature regarding parents and schools are written about them without including their voice or their stories. Through the use of ethnographic case studies, this dissertation presents the experiences of immigrant, monolingual Spanish-speaking Latinx women raising emergent bilingual children who are labeled as dis/abled. This research is guided by an intersectional framework and the following questions: 1. What are the mothering experiences of Spanish-speaking Latinx mothers of emergent bilingual children labeled dis/abled? 2. What values, perspectives and ideologies do mothers hold about bilingualism and dis/abilities and how are those reflected in their lives at home and at school? This study uses the participants’ testimonios to reveal the myriad of ways in which they support, love and care for their children through means that may not be in keeping with traditional values but are no less meaningful. These include, but are not limited to, hiring tutors, enrolling them in afterschool programs and religious education, using technology, and engaging in direct home language instruction. This study also showcases the ways in which school-based decisions regarding the language of instruction impact family dynamics. Additionally, the challenges that mothers undertake as caregivers, wives, daughters, sisters and women are shared. Some of these challenges range from limited English proficiency and work-life balance to domestic abuse and long-term separation from other children. This study brings to light the complex lives mothers’ lead and the ways in which they strive to meet the needs of their children regardless of the financial, physical and emotional costs to them. This dissertation concludes with recommendations on how to better support these mothers and their children within schools. Particular attention is given to the expansion of educational settings that address students learning needs alongside family language needs. Lastly, recommendations are made as to how to engage mothers more directly within schools in ways that are mutually beneficial

Cultural Schemas as Cultural Capital: The Fuerza and Flexibility of Latino Family Values

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play an important role in providing social services to people worldwide, but where NGOs serve immigrants, there can be misunderstandings based on contrasts in the cultural backgrounds between the providers and the clients. This is a concern for the management of Rebound of Whatcom County, an NGO focused on providing support for families facing challenges. Discussions about child discipline and communication indicate that differences go beyond basic English-Spanish language translation, and seem to represent dissimilarities in the conceptualizations of family. The goal here is to identify the conceptual differences in the concept of family and the perceived impacts of these beliefs on use of services. Interviews, ranging from 30 to 45 minutes in length, were arranged with 5 English-speaking representatives of the NGO and 8 Spanish-speaking clients. They were transcribed and coded using NVivo software in order reveal patterns in the conceptualizations about family between these two groups. Naomi Quinn suggested that humans have the tendency to categorize experiences in schemas, patterns of thinking that are repeated and shared among individuals who share lives. Pierre Bourdieu argued also that economic needs greatly influenced the formation of these schemas; i.e., the social value or cultural capital of these schemas also determined their formation and use. Discourse analysis revealed that the concept of family for staff meant love, support, safety, and healthy community towards individual success. Clients emphasized home or casa as a sacred place, respect, and time with family toward the goal of family unity; the quickest route to success was hard work. These contrasts likely interfere with the exchange of ideas about issues such as good parenting and intergenerational communication. The translation of ideas into Spanish is not enough. Suggestions to improve service delivery included: schemas should be used to tailor the message to the clients especially when the economic benefits are also emphasized, Spanish-speaking leadership also improves the link between Rebound’s message and client needs

Crisis for Whom?

Children feature centrally in the ubiquitous narratives of ‘migration crises’. They are often depicted as essentially vulnerable and in need of special protections, or suspiciously adult-like and a threat to national borders. At the same time, many voices, experiences, and stories are rarely heard, especially about children on the move within the global South. This bilingual book, written in English and Spanish, challenges simplistic narratives to enrich perspectives and understanding. Drawing on collaborations between young (im)migrants, researchers, artists and activists, this collection asks new questions about how crises are produced, mobility is controlled, and childhood is conceptualised. Answers to these questions have profound implications for resources, infrastructures, and relationships of care. Authors offer insights from diverse global contexts, painting a rich and insightful tapestry about childhood (im)mobility. They stress that children are more than recipients of care and that the crises they face are multiple and stratifying, with long historical roots. Readers are invited to understand migration as an act of concern and love, and to attend to how the solidarities between citizens and ‘others’, adults and children, and between children, are understood and forged

Irrational and Visionary Imagery in cante jondo and the Neo-Popular Poetry of Federico Garcia Lorca and Rafael Alberti

IRRATIONAL AND VISIONARY IMAGERY IN CANTE JONDO AND THE NEO-POPULAR POETRY OF FEDERICO GARCIA LORCA AND RAFAEL ALBERTI BY DAVID A. BRIGGS B.A., Romance Languages and Literature, Boston University, 1964 M.A., Spanish, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 2002 Ph.D., Spanish and Portuguese, The University of New Mexico, 2009 ABSTRACT Spanish poet Rafael Alberti of the Generation of 27 claimed that \u27Surrealism had been practiced in Spain since time immemorial as part of the tradition of popular song and folk poetry\u27 (Rafael Alberti qtd. in Harris 34). What is it that permits applying an early twentieth-century term, \u27Surrealism\u27 to the traditional popular song, cante jondo, and neo-popular poetry of Federico Garcia Lorca and Rafael Alberti? The answer begins with the verbal imagery of the popular song form cante jondo and the neo-popular lyric of García Lorca and Alberti as I demonstrate in this study. Considering the poetic imagery in cante jondo and Lorca\u27s and Alberti\u27s neo-popular work as irrational and visionary allows stating that \u27surrealism\u27 within the popular lyric existed in Spain long before \u27Surrealism\u27 as introduced by Guillaume Apollinaire. With theories of poetic creation from Carlos Bousoño, C.G. Jung and the writings of Robert Bly and Guillaume Apollinaire, I show that irrational and visionary imagery has indeed existed in \u27popular song and folk poetry since time immemorial\u27 in cante jondo verse and Lorca and Alberti\u27s neo-popular lyric allowing for the use of the term \u27surrealism. I explore the elements irrationality and visionary together with spontaneity and orality through the examination of imagery in various letra of cante jondo, limited to this genre of popular song because of the broadness of the category, and several poems from Lorca\u27s Mariana Pineda, Poema del Cante Jondo, Romancero Gitano, Yerma, and Llanto por Ignacio Sánchez Mejías and Marinero en tierra, Cal y Canto, EL ALBA DEL ALHELI, AND VERTE Y NO VERTE from Rafael Alberti\u27s work. My analysis demonstrates and supports Alberti\u27s claim that Surrealism has existed in popular song and folk poetry since time immemorial

Adversidad y adaptación en niños y niñas en acogimiento familiar: funciones ejecutivas, comprensión de las emociones y representaciones de apego

El acogimiento familiar es una medida especialmente compleja dentro del sistema de protección de menores, en la que un menor que debe ser separado de sus padres biológicos pasa a ser cuidado por otra familia, ya sea temporal o permanentemente, sin perder los lazos con su familia biológica. En esta disertación nos planteamos avanzar en uno de los retos actuales en la investigación en acogimiento familiar, la variabilidad en la adaptación y el desarrollo de los niños y niñas en acogimiento familiar. La conceptualización del desarrollo como un proceso acumulativo, jerárquico y transaccional, y de cómo éste se ve afectado por la adversidad hace que el estudio de tres mecanismos subyacentes entre la adversidad y adaptación se perfile como una dirección fructífera para avanzar en este reto. En concreto, nos centramos en las funciones ejecutivas, la comprensión de las emociones y las representaciones de apego. Además, este tipo de investigación resulta especialmente útil para el desarrollo de intervenciones basadas en la evidencia con esta población. Para abordar el reto mencionamos, en la disertación analizamos estos tres mecanismos psicológicos en menores en acogimiento familiar, cómo son afectados por la adversidad, la variabilidad en adaptación positiva entre los menores, y planteamos un modelo de intervención basado en la evidencia dirigido a niños y niñas que han sufrido adversidad temprana. Los resultados han mostrado que algo más de uno de cada cuatro menores en acogimiento familiar parece presentar dificultades importantes en sus funciones ejecutivas o en su adaptación a diferentes contextos. También parece que las representaciones mentales de las relaciones afectivas y de sí mismos en los niños y niñas en acogimiento familiar, y especialmente en aquellos que han sufrido un maltrato severo, están más marcadas por la desconfianza, la evitación o la falta de expectativas positivas que en las de niños y niñas que no han sufrido adversidad. No obstante, hemos encontrado también una gran variabilidad en la adaptación de los menores en acogimiento familiar, con uno de cada tres presentando una buena adaptación tanto en sus relaciones sociales, como en la escuela y en su salud mental. Los resultados de los diferentes estudios que forman parte de esta tesis doctoral aportan varias contribuciones originales al conocimiento, con implicaciones tanto para la investigación como para la intervención en este campo. Entre ellas cabe destacar la necesidad diferencial de intervención de los menores en acogimiento, el apoyo a sus capacidades de auto-regulación o a su recuperación en términos de representaciones de apego, y la importancia de avanzar en la intervención desde la evidencia científica

Growing up in Guayaquil's Barrios: A Collaborative Ethnography with Children.

My dissertation explores everyday life in Guayaquil’s shantytowns and the histories of these communities to better understand the impacts of social and spatial inequalities on families from the city’s poorest neighborhoods to the South, North, and East. I focus on children’s experiences growing up in these neighborhoods and how their understanding of family, poverty, violence, and city spaces influences the ways they internalize and imagine their own social positions and possibilities for their futures. My central research question asks: how do poor children growing up in Guayaquil’s barrios approach their everyday lives and how do their interactions and the relationships they develop with peers, family, and spaces across the city speak to larger societal issues on the production and regulation of childhood, race, and socio-spatial inequalities? To answer this question, my dissertation presents: 1) how the histories of the shantytowns reflect a history of Guayaquil’s socio-spatial segregation, repositioning ideas surrounding socioeconomic aspirations of poor urban communities; 2) how violence in children’s households influences their development and socialization, often leading girls, in particular, to form new families and to simultaneously navigate girlhood and motherhood; 3) how children and their mothers think about their childhood and how their everyday experiences influence the ways they imagine their futures; 4) how poor children think about and experience everyday life in their neighborhoods and across the city, especially in relation to racism and segregation. My dissertation reinvigorates theories of childhood, family, and poverty, highlighting how the experiences of poor children in the shantytowns and across Guayaquil overlap discussions of political economy, children’s rights, and legacies of colonialism. Through a presentation of new methods and methodologies for collaborative research agendas with children, this dissertation also deconstructs the colonialism that not only forms part of everyday life in Guayaquil, but that also forms part of ethnographic interventions.PHDAnthropologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135905/1/alyhand_1.pd